Or better yet, do as RR ( Ronald Reagan ) did while i was working in
New Orleans, and fire the whole lot! ( There are plenty of gosh damn
good Asian, European, South American, ... doctors out there, that
really know medicine ). I know from first hand ( BAD ) experience,
that Canadian doctors were never really taught medicine, but only
how to fill perscriptions pushed on them by the all to mighty drug
companies. We must not forget the all too powerful MEDICAL EQUIPMENT
( 500 Million ++ machines ) manufacturers.
Much of the expense of hospitals and the reason for the
high incidense of c-difficile / MRSA infections and deaths of
patients are due by a large degree to the high usage of
antibiotics. Antibiotics actually cause ( contrary to what the
doctors say ) c-difficile.
See also Anti-biotics NOT NEEDED
In fact c-difficile is also known as "antibiotic diarrhea",
and in reality C. Difficile is not caused by not washing or
medical staff not keeping clean ie. scrubbing frequently.
Although certain medical conditions and age (click below)
can be precursors to the chances of someone becoming very
with C. Difficile, antibiotics are by far the main cause
of C Difficile and people with Clostridium Difficile are the
ones who should be meticulous in hand washing so as not to reinfect
themselves!
Instead of doctors and institutions spending so much financial
funds and time on wondering why things go screwy in people
i would well advise 10 times as much time, money and effort
be spent on why things go right with some members of humanity!
Failure to do so is nothing short of mental disorder and
fudging reality and superimposing marginal medical statistics,
important statistics over trash trivial medical information!
ie. If we don't know why healthy people stay well, what the
crap do we know? I don't want to know why sick people are
sick! I want to know why someone who smoked 3 packs of
cigarettes a day and drank 1 fifth of whisky is alive and
kicking at 95 years of age!
CBC Search Results: c-difficile
Google Search: c-difficile antibiotic ( Results 1 - 10 of about 5,190 )
Clostridium Difficile (Antibiotic Diarrhea)
THE MERCK MANUAL, Sec. 3, Ch. 29, Antibiotic-Associated Colitis
Hospitals are big spenders
on expensive technology sold
them by hi-tech companies
but are they missing
the obvious all the while
being bamboozled?
It has recently come to my attention that so useless
in real understanding of human health is the medical
establishment that it was just recently that they have
concluded the actual function of the appendix in health!
In fact it has been found that the appendix is critical
as a storehouse of BIO-FILM which is say that the appendix
is a critical backup warehouse of good healthy bacteria to
critical for bodily digestion of food!
Without the appendix the body after being exposed to such
assults as C-Difficile, antibiotic medicine, collora, and
other sources of bowell healthy fungal microbe attacks.
Could it be that C-Difficile could be overcome or a non issue
if the people exposed to it still had their appendix?
I take it a step further in another observation i made lately
when going to the "Montreal General Hospital" for x-rays
following a serious attack on the street where i was
repeatedly kicked in the chest by a hired attacker.
In hospital i was given a strap on my wrist and i thought
just how much this strap could be involved in collecting
harmfull bacteria and how much that may contribute to outbreaks
of deadly diseases in hospitals.
After all, how many times when washing hands in Hospitals
do we wash our Identity strap ( or even can we ) dangling
from our wrists and fully exposed to as much or more harmefull
bacteria sources than our hands themselves!
After all, people are issued this strap when entering
the hospital and continue to wear it to the bathroom
crapper, bed pan issues, and everywhere else for as long
as they are hospitalized!
I think once again the medical community has been and is
sleep walking through life, and missing the obvious.
To save money it wouldn't hurt for Hospitals:
Hospitals should cease buying those semi useless billion dollar
medical diagnostic machines that the medical diagnostics builders
/ corporations top salesforce bamboozle medical hospital management
into buying! Cause in reality and in many cases ( like mine ),
they're useless, overused PLUS i believe the technicians who use
them don't truely know how to read and interpret their results!
New June 23rd. 2005 By: Web Master
Medical use of Ozone
I suggest that all problems currently found today with morbidity
and sickness in hospitals due to the c-difficile bacteria, could
be illiminated completely if hospitals were to use a now very old
air treatment called OZONE!
If people would stop relying on new technologies and put some faith
into old proven technologies, perhaps we could really progress!
Ozone: inactivates viruses, bacteria, yeast, fungus and protozoa.
stimulates the immune system cleans arteries and veins, improves
circulation' purifies the blood and lymph normalizes hormone and
enzyme production reduces inflammation reduces pain, calms the
nerves stops bleeding prevents shock prevents stroke damage
reduces cardiac arrhythmia improves brain function and memory
oxidizes toxins, allowing their excretion chelates heavy metals;
it works well in conjunction with EDTA prevents and reverses
degenerative diseases prevents and treats communicabel diseases
prevents and eliminates auto-immune diseases.
Through dilligent research, the Germans were able to determine
that ozone was incredibly effective in destroying such infections
as hepatitis, Epstein-Barr virus, herpes, cytomegalovirus and HIV.
With the realization that HIV was susceptible to ozone, the
Germans began using the autohemotherapy technique to treat AIDS
patients as soon as this was a recognized disease.
It is known that children who cannot produce antibodies in their
blood (agmmaglobulinemia) nevertheless recover from diseases such
as measles and still have long-term immunity. People with no
antibodies have been found who are extremely resistant to diseases,
while other people have developed diseases to which they already
had high levels of antibodies.
Official U.S. military records show that highly immunized personnel
manifest a mortality rate from diptheria four times higher than of
unvaccinated civilians.
It is now clear that the body needs no 'help' of the sort provided
by immunization; that antibodies in the blood stream are not
required to protect the body; and that immunization can cause
immune suppression, permanent nervous system damage, and growth
stunting. There is also strong evidence that immunization can
actually cause the diseases it was meant to prevent. This view
has gained support from the writing of a report commissioned
by the Canadian International Development Agency (CIDA) from
Dr. Raymond Obomsawin in 1992.
Wouldn't you know it?
The Medical association
In 1933, the bloody American Medical Association, headed up by
Dr. Simmons set out to destroy all medical treatments that
were competitive to drug therapy. The suppression of ozone
therapy began then, and it continues in the US to this day
to ensure the drug companies clean up on peoples pocketbooks.
The Swiss dentist E.A. Fisch was using ozone in dentistry
before 1932, and introduced it to the German surgeon Erwin
Payr who used it from that time forward.
Aubourg and Lacoste were French physicians using ozone
insufflation from 1934-1938.
In 1948, Dr. William Turska of Oregon began using ozone,
employing a machine of his own design, and in 1951,
Dr. Turska wrote the article "Oxidation" which is still
relevant today, and is included in our booklet. Dr. Turska
pioneered injection of ozone into the portal vein, thereby
reaching the liver. From 1953 onward, German doctor Hans
Wolff used ozone in his practice, writing the book
"Medical Ozone," and training many doctors in ozone therapy.
In 1957, Dr. J. Hansler patented an ozone generator which
has formed the basis of the German expansion of ozone therapy
over the last 35 years. Today over 7000 German doctors use
ozone therapy daily. In 1961, Hans Wolff introduced the
techniques of major and minor autohemotherapy. In 1977,
Dr. Renate Viebahn provided a technical overview of ozone
action in the body. In 1979, Dr. George Freibott began
treating his first AIDS patient with ozone, and in 1980,
Dr. Horst Kief also reported success
I strongly believe that todays medical drug designers should
hand up their hats and get a life!
In reality the future in my mind is in the design of symbiotec
co-existance with certain bacteria possibly viruses or maybe
even worms that co-exist within each human that replicate or
breed very quickly and can generate antibodies and or counter
balance imunity to dangerous other viruses that could kill us
yet they take care of the quick genetic response and morphism
to accomidate the rapid changes we see ( and our systems at
our genetic reproductive level cannot handle given our very
long period to regenerate offspring and adapt or in reality
inability to quickly readapt to the quick pace of mutations
in the virus and bacterioligic world) at our level of the
time space continum.
Symbiosis it's study, design and implementation is the future
of medical break-throughs.
Already in Asia, they have found that people with hookworms
never hardly suffer from ashama, and other resperatory
illnesses. As i write this in early February 2006 some doctors
unable to find volonteers to test their theory are self
inflicting themselves with the skin burrowing worms to prove
their theory.
Chris M.
chris-m@vif.com
NEW June 13th. 2005
As i have written previously in this website, to date we have
excedingly over used antibiotics and forgotten that anything
ever existed prior to antibiotics!
I have known since a kid, that Honey can be used on wounds to
help in their healing and speed up recovery. A great article by
Thijs Westerbeek, 13 June 2005 on Honey as an alternative
to antibiotics can be found HERE
New: August 20, 2004
I just hear now what i have been saying here for 2 years, about the
digestive system, it has billions of good bacteria and that's why we
can digest food and not get ill (see below). Yet when doctors give
patients antibiotics it disrupts (kills) much of this in balance level
of good vs bad microbes. After the antibiotics kill off this high level
good bacteria in the intestinal tract and the bad ones take over, we
become ill with symptoms like diarrhea and C. difficile.
Now this BioTech company in Laval Quebec has come up with a probiotic
product that has as much good bacteria in it as 100 servings of Yogurt
and it's called BioKplus. They've found very positive results using it
against the killer C. difficile at the Maisoneuve Rosemount Hospital.
How come it's taking all these so called medical experts ( trained at
some of the best medical learning centers ) so bloody long to wake up
to the basic realities of how the body really works and that their
medeling with it often causes more harm than it helps, and that it's
not they that end up fixing the imbalanced and sick body, but the
body itself.
The use of acid-forming probiotics like acidophilus have been proven
to prevent diarrhea following antibiotic use. [International Journal
Antimicrobial Agents 16: 521-26, 2000; Journal Pediatrics 135: 564-37,
1999] Every parent needs to become familiar with probiotic products
and administer them to their children following antibiotic therapy
since the medical profession has overlooked this practice.
Further it has recently proved, that people who use antacid remedies
stand a much larger chance of contracting colds and pneumonia and
even dieing of bacterial or viral pneumonia.
----------------------------
Another killer caused in hospitals by hospital staff themselves
is MRSA staff resistant infection. Many skin and other infectious
disorders are transmitted each year to unknowing patients and many
even die.
Can patients or families of patients who have died in hospitals
even expect to see a bloody dime for their losses and hardships?
Doctors have become so complacent in their activities, relying 100%
on their stupid training, ie. we've got everything under control,
we have $4,000,000 MRIs, we have 30 different antibiotics of varying
strengths, we have anti-virals, bla-bla-bla.
It reminds me of some corporate managers some years ago who started
farming, and after taking some courses at McDonald College in farming
technology, and wanting to show off their know-how, "How Hi Tech
solutions" ie. modernize equipment and tools, mass fed antibiotics
to their cattle and such was the ultimate solution and the RIGHT way
to farm! Only later when they sold their farm ( business ) did
we learn that their costs for all that fancy equipment, drugs,
antibiotic laced feed etc. cost them so much that they lost a
small fortune and failed to even pay their expenses!
Yet and YET why did all these so called specialist instructors at
McDonnald Farm College not see the writing on the wall about
the devistating long term implications and danger of constant
use in feed and over-perscription of antibiotics to livestock?
Seems these brains have limitations, not only that, they fail
miserably in general at forcasting the long term results of their
actions or lack there-of
It reminds me of Fisher playing Big Blue in that grand chess
tournament. Fisher has probably one of the best memories and
minds in general, but he has years of experience and practice
yet the permutations of simple chess, with a very limited amount
of possibilities in comparisson to the complexity of all of life
on earth including the millions of bacterialogical and virual
combinational strains and permutations possible.
Mankind it seems had better bloody not be so cock sure of himself
and move ahead into the so called future discretely and timidly
rather than with the gung-ho gusto of a drunkin sailor as
he seems to have in the industrial, military, agricultural
and medical fields.
Now what about the future of Monsanto GMO products? Does anyone
see the writing on the wall yet about that enormous catastrophy
about to hit?
right-wrong
Genomics The Ultimate Gamble
Ideas 21st. June 2005 "Heart of the Matter"
Finally a doctor who sees it the way i do! Dr. Lamb as he speaks
on this CBC Radio "Ideas" presentation, speaking on recivisity of
patients, and general rehabilitation of patients who come to his
clinic, he says he dis-suaids people from getting stints,
coronairy bipass surgery, angeoplasty, or other invasive hi tech
interventions and rather focuses his patients towards lifestyle
modifications to avoid heart attacks, strokes and other fatal
incidents. Consequently his patients typically live well into
their 80's and thank him for his fatherly advice.
Dr. Lamb slams the modern hi-tech hospitals and doctors who
can't even use a stethoscope to evaluate a heart problem from
the sounds given off by the heart. Doctors today rely too much
these days on technological equipment he says, and alianate
patients further by not being able to communicate with them
and don't listen to the main source of vital information to
come to a good conclusion of the problem that exists with the
patient. He goes on to say that doctors today are too quick
to cave into what the drug companies salesmen sell them and
consequently are quick to prescribe all sorts of un-neccessary
medication to their patients. Doctors today rely far to much
on technology that has questionable efficacy.
Dr. Lamb goes on to say another thing i've said and known
since a long time, and that is, "If the bakeries were made
by law to deminish their inclusion of salt in bread dough
by 10%, hypertension could be illiminated! That's because
unbeknownst to many people, bread contains huge amounts of
hypertension causing HCl or salt which is known to be the
primary cause of hypertension.
He also speaks of the best physician ever to have been a
german doctor named Dr. Virchow who wrote 10,000 papers
on treatment of patients effectively. The extremely harmful
effects of poverty, social conditions on health, and much
much more.
Dr. Lamb went on to admire his protigee Dr. Virchow work
who i later did a web search on Google for!
Referring URL: Google Canada ![]()
search for:
German physician Dr. Virchow
The Role Of Virchow In The Origin Of Heart Disease
Rudolf Virchow is considered the most prominent German physician
of the 19th century!
Dr. Rudolf Virchow, in 1856, is claimed to have "discovered" heart
disease.
Here is an article that acknowledges Dr. Virchow as the first to
describe the various stages of a disease -- making it clear that
Dr. Virchow saw "heart disease" as a man-made disease. Click here
for a photo of the Virchow Hospital in Germany today. Click here
for a biography of Virchow.
The biggest change that Virchow made in medicine is quoted here:
In 1855, Rudolf Virchow, a German, put forward the concept that
body cells were the basic units of life. Disease resulted primarily
from changes in the cells due to external influences. (source)
External influences certainly include diet and life-style changes,
as far as heart disease goes, and even more importantly the
external influence of toxic metals getting inside the body.
[Karl Note: Here this authority is saying that heart disease
is a man-made disease -- exactly what I have claimed for many
years. People quote Dr. Virchow, but omit these detailed
references, and claim that "since Dr. Virchow found 'heart
disease' in 1856, that proves that it has always been with us."
[Not true! Heart disease is a man-made disease!]
Ideas: Telephone for tape of show or hard copy:
1-416-205-7367
Please email any questions or complaints about this site!
CMPA
CMPA
NOTE: The CBC has removed this link probably
I suspect by gentle persuaision by the bloody CMPA
E-mail complaints about this CBC site removal.
The Jist of the article went like this:
Canadian Medical Protective Association (CMPA)
Not only are the medical issues complex, but
initially, the Atkinsons couldn't find a lawyer to
take their case. The main reason they couldn't find
one - lawyers who work in the field point to the
Canadian Medical Protective Association (CMPA)
The CMPA is a "mutual defence organization" that
provides top-notch legal services to doctors in
Canada.
But money is no object for the CMPA. "The CMPA has
a fund in place that will cover doctors until the
cows come home," says Van der laan. "They have
infinite resources and our experience has
been that they'll spend $100,000 to defend a
$10,000 claim."
How doctors are ripping us all off
Not only that, but them along with the CMPA are ripping our
medical and social system off to a tune of billions of
dollars every year. The doctors who don't know what their
doing, CMPA who will spend $150,000 of public monies to
clear a malpractice case against a doctor worth $15,000,
and finaly now, the even sicker patient will have to recieve
disability insurance for several months or years and who
now cannot pay taxes, work and contribute to society.
In the worst case, poor or bad medical diagnosis will
result in patient death plus expensive un-necessary
medical procedures and diagnosis, and the tieing up
of valuable personnel, hospital equipment and beds.
How doctors treated my initially
upper updominal pain at Verdun / Lasalle Hospital
1) I was feed a whole lot of antibiotics
2) I was almost starved to death.
3) I was hog tied to my bed as punishment because
i would not lay down when told to.
4) When after 3 days, my LFT tests did not improve as the hoped
improve as they expected i was instructed to get
myself emotionly prepared for an operation.
5) When i heard this, i asked for my release papers.
6) It took another 6 hours there, before i was brought
my release forms to sign, but only after a whole
lot of lecturing and other bullshit.
NOTE: I did not yet have ASCITES and no longer had pain
since 2 days. The only thing i had was highly
elevated LFT results.
I went home and a week later i developed
a slight case of Jaundice
How doctors treated me initially
with just A slight case of jaundice at MUHC
1) Was again brought in and battaries of tests were run
2) I was again starved to death for about a week
3) I was told after about a week that i probably have
gull stones. They to told me to prepare for an
operation to remove the stone.
4) That same day i started to get Chelous Ascites.
5) They told me they could not operate with this problem.
6) Three months later i still had Ascites and i asked to
be allowed to become an out patient.
7) The doctors told me to prepare myself for a liver
transplant or else i would surely die
(i was now only about 120 lbs of my normal 155 lbs)
They told me to go to the Royal Vic and have them
start looking for a doner for my blood type.
8) I now came in 3 times a week for parcentesis but
i was so depressed, i did not even bother about the
Royal Vic. i just started to do research on the
Internet from home.
In the end, i finaly cured myself of all ailments
without ANY operations or surgery or modern drugs!
I do still however carry very deep emotional
depression and contempt for hospitals
and institutions in general.
Two Hospitals almost succeed in killing Patient
See how the doctors at two large super hospitals in Montreal
almost succeed in killing a patient. Partially through mis-treatment,
partially through starvation and partially through mis-diagnosis
and prefering the scalpel over common sense. ( a money making
diagnosis if ever i saw one. Is that why the Canadian medicare
system is almost broke? It's akin to how psychiatric patients
have been abused or violated by their doctors or doctors who
perscribe narcotic pills to patients who don't even need them. )
Doctors Mis-diagnosis and bad treatment almost killed patient
They said my liver was malfunctioning and asked me to prepare myself
for a liver transplant.
After much research on the Internet, and trying out many food
combinations and natural foods, i began to notice something startling.
They had told me to refrain from eating any foods high in LDL
(foods having a high volume of Low density liptoproteins) Fatty foods.
The doctors also advised me to keep away from foods high in Sodium
(NaCl). Yet even though i was keeping to a very strict diet based on
their advise, i was still going to the hospital twice a week to get
5 liters of fluid removed from my stomach cavity.
While using my extra lean burger with extra thin bread to make tiny
non salt pizzas at home, i began using more and more cheese, mostly
to add flavor, and also because the cheese seemed to make me feel
better after each meal. Also i was taking high doses of bone-meal
and NAC tablets to cleans my blood and MCT oil only to cook with.
The benefits of MCT oil i can attest to wholeheartedly. MCT oil
along with hot jallopinia peppers ( Jalapeno peppers with capsicum )
http://www.vif.com/users/chris-m/medical/cayenne.html
lowered my cholestrol almost immediately, and worked like none of
the darned drugs i was given in the hospital. In fact, it wasn't
until i left the hospital that i started to get better.
------------------------------------------------------
MCT oil was key to my regeneration, as well as NAC
( Neo-Ascetel-Cystaine ), and plenty of Calcium!
Find them below at evitamins.
eVitamines Products Overview
For fight against Ascites, Cirrhosis, and general liver disease
associated with portal hypertension ( hi blood pressure ).
MCT
oil to give the liver a break
Ultra DHA 50™ by Health From the Sun
Ultra Omega 3 Fish Oil™ by Health From the Sun
Omega-3 - Cholesterol-free by NOW
Organic Flax Borage Oil by Spectrum
Evening Primrose Oil by NOW
Alpha Lipoic Acid 100 mg by Natrol
And now the news agency for the public television
network reports DNA experiments on animals, the latest
besides "Dolly" is new reported on chickens as
transgenic technology being used at a University of
Guelph research laboratory to modify the normal
antibiotic component of chicken eggs, for increased food
safety and medical benefits. Professor Ann Gibbins,
Animal and Poultry Science, is working with research
assistant Dr. Guodong Liu and graduate students Jan
Losos and Gregory Lampard to create transgenic chickens
with increased amounts and types of an antimicrobial
protein called lysozyme. Lysozyme, normally found in
egg white, protects the embryo within the egg from
microbial contamination. In food processing, it is
routinely isolated from eggs and used to enhance food
preservation and prevent food contamination for
everything from fish and cooked meats to toothpaste and
mouthwash. "Lysosyme can selectively destroy certain
harmful microorganisms while allowing beneficial
bacteria to survive," says Gibbins. "There are
tremendous market applications for this protein if its
production could be increased."
Searched the web for Jallopinia
. Results 1 - 1 of 1
Did you mean to search for: Jalapeno peppers
"Doctors who can't figure out what went or is wrong with their ...
... MCT oil along with hot jallopinia peppers lowered my cholestrol
almost immediately,
and worked like none of the darned drugs i was given in the hospital. ...
www.vif.com/users/chris-m/medical/medical.html
Believe it or slurp it, in one month, my chylous ascites disappeared.
It's one year later now and i'm still fine, and haven't even returned
to the hospital! My physical condition is excellent, and my ascites
is gone. The only problem is i have a deep depression and no longer
trust any establishments including hospitals and doctors.
Some little known super doctors tricks
Allow me to begin with a statement made by a "Without borders"
doctor. He said: "we didn't even have anticeptics to apply to
wounds, all we could utilize was brought to my attention by a
local doctor; he said use the urine from the person with the
infection!". Which makes perfect sense looking back at it now.
The urine has already been rendered clean as pure water as far
as microbes are concerned. Let's try to understand basics first.
The cheapest and best micro surgons to save limbs and the very people
themselves are maggots. These little miracle workers can do better
than any super surgon on burn and already highly infected wounds.
To boot, they do it all (the surgery) without letting a drop of blood!
More on Dr. MAGGOT
Human Chromosome 22: The First to be Decoded
chromosome 22 is implicated in the workings of the immune system,
congenital heart disease, schizophrenia, mental retardation, birth
defects, and several cancers including leukemia.
chromosome 22 is comprised of 33.5 million "letters," or chemical
components, that make up the DNA of chromosome 22.
chromosome 22 is comprised of at least 545 genes and 134
pseudogenes.
A total of 39 percent of the chromosome is copied into RNA
(exons and introns), while only 3 percent of the chromosome
encodes protein.
Note: Bacterial DNA does not have any protein associated with it.
An additional 148 predicted genes containing sequence homologous
to known genetic markers (ESTs) were identified.
There is unexpected long-range complexity of the chromosome with
an elaborate array of repeat sequences near the centromere of
the chromosome. The existence of so much repetitive DNA
information could help explain how this chromosome rearranges
or reshuffles its DNA, leading to human disorders such as
DiGeorge syndrome, which includes a form of mental retardation,
and how chromosome structure changes over time.
An unexpected finding shows several regions where recombination
is increased, and others where it is suppressed, and these will
probably play a role in health and disease.
--------------------------------------------
Molecular Genetics
DNA contains the genetic coding for all life forms.
All life forms especially plants, animals, plants
have multiple chromosomes. All the chromosomes
together make up the blueprint for the complete
organism.
The DNA in those chromosomes have DNA that codes
for all the unique characteristics of the particular
unique flower, person, dog, etc...
Each cell which must contain all the chromosomes (DNA)
in that unique cellular structure (person, dog, plant)
must be duplicated prior to ( in advance of ) its
death.
This duplication is done via DNA transcription via tRNA
and other cellular duplication functions:
Cellular duplication (Expression) can be split into two parts:
Transcription (making RNA) and translation (making proteins).
These two functions are summarised in this diagram (called
the central dogma of genetics).
Central dogma of molecular biology
(provided by: Access Excellence)
yahoo search for: Pictures of DNA theory of Genetics (central dogma)
TOP 20 WEB RESULTS out of about 2,160
13.) DNA-RNA MAKEUP
... Picture It -- Biochemistry visual histone 3D graphics. ... DNA and new cellular
superconductivity theory: (On training). Alternate Medical Site ie. ...
www.vif.com/users/chris-m/medical/dna-rna.html
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------------------------
Relative genome sizes in organisms
e-coli 10^6 bp
fungi 10^7 to 10^8 bp
phytophtora infestants 2.5 x 10^8
human 10^9
genetic info within Fungi
Magnaporthe grisea 47mb
Neurosora crassa 37Mb
Yeast (S. cereviseae) 12Mb
Ustilafinales 13.5-95Mb
Aspergillus nidulans 28Mb
Saprolegnia 200Mb
Proportion of Repedative DNA
Fungi has very low repeated DNA relative to other arganisms.
Typical 10-15% were as Plants have 90%. animals 30%.
The smallest chromosomes
Refered to as B chromosomes, minichromosomes or
supernumerary chromosomes.
Supernumerary chromosomes on fungus are not necessary for
growth but are functional and essential for their viral
potency, their ability to detoxify agents that attempt
to destroy them, etc..
PFGE
Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis technique is idealy suited
to study the very smallest chromosomes ie. Fungal Chromosomes
typically 0.2-12Mb. and supernumerary chromosomes are the
smallest of small chromosomes. PFGE is well suited to study
molecules up to 10Mb in size.
It is thaught that because supernumerary chromosomes are
not essential for growth, they are not inherited with any
regularity. Certain chromosomes (ie. CD chromosomes ) in
certain fungi, are so called conditionally dispendable
chromosomes since they are not necessary or required for
growth as such but are essential as a tool to create or
become a successful virulence on plants via the HC-toxin
( a cyclic polypeptide toxin) and PDA1-1 a gene which
confirs the ability to detoxify "pisatin" a pea phytoalxin
or natural fungicide or anti fungal agent in peas. Presence
of PDA1-1 is correlated with high virulance on pea crops.
Genome sizes
The total amount of DNA in the haploid genome is called its
C value. The lack of a consistent relationship between the
C value and the complexity of an organism (e.g., amphibians
vs. mammals) is called the C value paradox.
The density of genes on the different chromosomes varies from
23 genes per million base pairs on chromosome 19 (for a total
of 1,400 genes) to only 5 genes per million base pairs on
chromosome 13.
One of the most surprising findings were 223 genes with no
homologs in other animals but with close similarity to bacterial
genes.
Although the human genome has been mapped, we still have a long
way to go in mapping the human proteome; that is, the total
complement of proteins we synthesize and the structrues created
by them ( our appearance to name one important example. )
Each of our chromosomes is a single molecule of DNA. Some day
the sequence of base pairs in each will be known from one end
to the other. But not yet. Many gaps remain to be filled.
Split genes and other varients of the genome base pair
Gene Transcription: DNA ---> RNA
RNA Processing: pre-mRNA --> mRNA
Translation = RNA --> protein
much more info on transcription of DNA
snoRNA, miRNA, eRNA, mRNA, tRNA, ...
Transcription produces some christmas tree like phonominon
and can be viewed here:
Electron microscope transcription photos / pictures
Ribosomes are the protein-synthesizing machines of the cell
They translate the information encoded in messenger RNA (mRNA)
into a polypeptide.
With a diameter of ~20 nm, they can be seen only with the electron
microscope.
They can make up 25% of the dry weight of cells
(e.g., pancreas cells) that specialize in protein synthesis.
(A single pancreas cell can synthesize 5 million molecules of
protein per minute.)
The ribosomes of prokaryotes (bacteria and archaea), eukaryotes,
and mitochondria differ in many details of their structure.
But despite these differences, the basic operations of
bacterial, eukaryotic, and mitochondrial ribosomes are very
similar.
Site created/last updated: 11 October 2003
********************************************
But despite these differences, the basic operations of bacterial,
eukaryotic, and mitochondrial ribosomes are very similar.
Glycolysis: the anaerobic catabolism of glucose
ATP (Adenosine triphosphate)
ATP is a nucleotide that performs many essential roles in the cell.
Approximately 40% of the energy in the original glucose molecule is
trapped in molecules of ATP.
ADP is adenosine diphosphate. Pi is inorganic phosphate. [structure]
For this reason, this bond is known as a "high-energy" bond and is
Please note that the term is not being used in the same sense as
the term "bond energy".
In fact, these bonds are actually weak bonds with low bond
energies.
Isolating Transcription Factors
Transcription factors
are extraordinarily diverse, but any one
factor represents only a tiny fraction of the protein molecules
present in the cell. This page describes how one can isolate and
purify such rare molecules.
Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide (NAD)
and Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Phosphate (NADP)
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) and its relative
nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP) are
two of the most important coenzymes in the cell. NADP
is simply NAD with a third phosphate group attached
Under the conditions existing in a normal cell, the hydrogen
atoms shown in red are dissociated from these acidic substances.
Metabolism
All living things must have an unceasing supply of energy and
matter. The transformation of this energy and matter within
the body is called Metabolism.
Catabolism
Catabolism is destructive metabolism. Typically, in catabolism,
larger organic molecules are broken down into smaller
constituents. This usually occurs with the release of energy
(usually as ATP).
Anabolism
Anabolism is constructive metabolism. Typically, in anabolism,
small precursor molecules are assembled into larger organic
molecules. This always requires the input of energy
(often as ATP).
Consumption of ATP
ATP powers most of the energy-consuming activities of cells, such as:
Most anabolic reactions. Examples:
joining transfer RNAs to amino acids for assembly into proteins [Link]
synthesis of nucleoside triphosphates for assembly into DNA and RNA
synthesis of polysaccharides
synthesis of fats
active transport of molecules and ions
nerve impulses
maintenance of cell volume by osmosis
muscle contraction
beating of cilia and flagella (including sperm)
bioluminescence
------------------------------
Osmosis is important!
A report in the 23 April 1998 issue of
The New England Journal of Medicine
tells of the life-threatening complications that can be
caused by an ignorance of osmosis.
Large volumes of a solution of 5% human albumin are
injected into people undergoing a procedure called plasmapheresis.
The albumin is dissolved in physiological saline
(0.9% NaCl) and is therefore
isotonic
to human plasma
(the large protein molecules of albumin have only a small
osmotic effect).
If 5% solutions are unavailable, pharmacists may substitute
a proper dilution of a 25% albumin solution. Mixing 1 part
of the 25% solution with 4 parts of diluent results in the
correct 5% solution of albumin.
BUT, in several cases, the diluent used was sterile water,
not physiological saline.
SO, the resulting solution was strongly
hypotonic
to human plasma.
The Result: massive, life-threatening hemolysis in the patients.
Lipid bilayers are impermeable to most essential molecules and ions.
The lipid bilayer is permeable to water molecules and a few other small, uncharged, molecules like
oxygen (O2) and carbon dioxide (CO2). These diffuse freely in and out of the cell. The diffusion of water through the plasma membrane is of such importance to the cell that it is given a special name: osmosis.
Lipid bilayers are not permeable to:
ions such as:
--- K+, Na+, Ca2+ (called cations because when subjected to
an electric field they migrate toward the cathode
[the negatively-charged electrode])
--- Cl-, HCO3- (called anions because they migrate toward
the anode [the positively-charged electrode])
--- small hydrophilic (attracted to water) molecules like glucose
--- macromolecules (molecular weight of several thousand or more)
like proteins and RNA
However the transport of macromolecules through membranes is
described in Endocytosis.
Endocytosis: how cells eat
People who inherit two defective (mutant) genes for the LDL
receptor have receptors that function poorly or not at all.
This creates excessively high levels of LDL in their blood
and predisposes them to atherosclerosis and heart attacks.
The ailment is called familial (because it is inherited)
hypercholesterolemia.
The opposite of eating is what? "Exocytosis"
Secretion ie. Exocrine cells in the pancreas are a good
example. They synthesize and secrete pancreatic digestive
enzymes. Also, cells lining our intestine synthesize tiny
droplets of fat and discharge them into the lacteals by
exocytosis.
Pancreatic fluid contains:
sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3).
This neutralizes the acidity of the fluid arriving from
the stomach raising its pH to about 8.
pancreatic amylase. This enzyme hydrolyzes starch into a
mixture of maltose and glucose.
pancreatic lipase. The enzyme hydrolyzes ingested fats
into a mixture of fatty acids and monoglycerides.
Its action is enhanced by the detergent effect of bile.
In April 1999, the FDA approved orlistat as a treatment
for obesity. Orlistat inactivates pancreatic lipase.
4 "zymogens" - proteins that are precursors to active
proteases. These are immediately converted into the
active proteolytic enzymes:
trypsin. Trypsin cleaves peptide bonds on the
C-terminal side of arginines and lysines.
chymotrypsin. Chymotrypsin cuts on the
C-terminal side of tyrosine, phenylalanine, and
tryptophan residues (the same bonds as pepsin,
whose action ceases when the NaHCO3 raises the
pH of the intestinal contents).
elastase. Elastase cuts peptide bonds next to
small, uncharged side chains such as those of
alanine and serine. Trypsin, chymotrypsin, and
elastase are members of the family of serine
proteases. Link to discussion.
carboxypeptidase. This enzyme removes, one by
one, the amino acids at the C-terminal of peptides.
nucleases. These hydrolyze ingested nucleic acids
(RNA and DNA) into their component nucleotides.
The secretion of pancreatic fluid is controlled
by two hormones:
secretin, which mainly affects the release of
sodium bicarbonate, and cholecystokinin (CCK),
which stimulates the release of the digestive
enzymes.
Also in the Small intestine, crypts at the base of the
villi contain stem cells that continuously divide by
mitosis producing more stem cells cells that migrate
up the surface of the villus while differentiating into
columnar epithelial cells (the majority). They are
responsible for digestion and absorption.
goblet cells, which secrete mucus;
endocrine cells, which secrete a variety of hormones;
Link to Gut Hormones
Their importance to health is uncertain as no known deficiency
disorders have been found for any of them?
Paneth cells, which secrete antimicrobial peptides
[Link to discussion] that sterilize the contents of
the intestine.
All of these cells replace older cells that
continuously die by apoptosis.
The Human Gastrointestinal (GI) Tract
The discovery that proved genes are DNA
Many bacteria can acquire new genes by taking up DNA molecules
(e.g., a plasmid) from their surroundings.
The ability to deliberately transform the bacterium E. coli has
made possible the cloning of many genes including human genes
and the development of the biotechnology industry. It all
began in 1928 with the work of an English bacteriologist,
Fred Griffith.
Reductionism
The understanding of complex systems almost always has to await
unraveling the details of some simpler system. You may feel that
trying to find out how one type of pneumococcus could be
converted into another was an exceedingly specialized and
esoteric pursuit. But Avery and his coworkers realized the
broader significance of what they were observing and, in
due course, the rest of the scientific world did as well.
By electing to work with a well-defined system: the
conversion of R forms of one type into S forms of a
different type, these researchers made a discovery
that has revolutionized biology and medicine.
Attempting to understand the workings of complex
systems by first understanding the workings of their
parts is called reductionism. Some scientists (and
many nonscientists) question the value of reductionism.
They favor a holistic approach emphasizing the workings
of the complete system.
But the record speaks for itself. From skyscrapers to
moon walks, to computer chips to the advances of
modern medicine, progress comes from first understanding
the properties of the parts that make up the whole.
Humans have a very diversified genetic pool or root
compared to many animals. Many people behave in many
diversified ways to many different drugs, antibiotics
and the like. Too few tests are performed in my
estimation to conclude that any one scientific
or biological solution fits all. Thus the good
reason to find genetically compatible answers.
Transport Across Cell Membranes
Importance
All cells acquire the molecules and ions they
need from their surrounding extracellular fluid
(ECF). There is an unceasing traffic of molecules
and ions in and out of the cell through its plasma
membrane
Examples: glucose, Na+, Ca2+
In eukaryotic cells, there is also transport in and
out of membrane-bounded intracellular compartments
such as the nucleus, endoplasmic reticulum, and
mitochondria.
Examples: proteins, mRNA, Ca2+, ATP
ABC transporters must have evolved early in the history of life.
The ATP-binding domains in archaea, eubacteria, and eukaryotes all
share a homologous structure, the ATP-binding "cassette".
Remaining decoding that needs to be transcribed
Determine the human proteome; that is, the total complement of
proteins we synthesize.
Nature Magazine Genomics
video education
what all above info transcribes to:
Doctors making you sick with improper diagnosis and subsequent
prescribing damaging medical prescriptions and inadequate
followup.
How Mr. miyer treated his own Ascites
When the doctors could not treat Mr. miyers Ascites,
extreem weight loss, and likely eminent death, and
and all the doctors could advise was a liver transplant
Which bye-the-bye would have cost the Medical System
a fortune, and Mr. miyer would have wound up in a coffin
anyway, Mr. miyer set out to find the real way to cure
this chelous ascites he had by experimentation and Internet
data mining.
See how Mr. miyer was in fact mis-treated and how the hospital
along with the doctors almost killed him not only by false
diagnosis and recommending a liver transplant to fix him,
but also simply by almost starving the poor guy to death
while he was under hospital and specialist gastrointerologists
care.
Mr. miyers nightmares in two Montreal Hospitals
The Montreal General (MUHC ) and Verdun / Lasalle hospitals both.
Below you will find an example of the real way to fix
Ascites / Alcoholic Cirrhosis Syndrome
Anyway, the doctors were even wrong here. Mr. miyer as it
turns out, did not even have Cirrhosis. He had a sickness
caused by PAs (PYRROLIZIDINE ALKALOIDS) often found in large
doses in honey! And Mr. miyer was eating large quantities
of honey at the time or prior to him falling ill.
Too many people are dying today as a result of
medical ignorance and apathy
Search for your medical solution (Life-Extension Info)
google search for: intestinal bacteria missing ascites
Alcoholic Cirrhosis as a Syndrome©
Alcoholic Cirrhosis is not a disease, and certainly not fatal.©
Abstract: This paper introduces the proposition that alcoholic©
cirrhosis is not a disease, and certainly not a fatal one. ©
Instead, alcoholic cirrhosis is a cluster of reversible ©
deficiency diseases. By not treating the actual disease©
processes, conventional treatment is counterproductive ©
and leads to a progressive decline in the patient’s condition.©
©
The ill-Advised Standard Interventions: ©
©
For the management of ascites, diuretics to remove fluid©
from the body are prescribed. With the fluid goes water-©
soluble vitamins, perhaps some protein, and the kidneys ©
have a heavier load. In extreme situations, fluid will©
be withdrawn directly. ©
©
For encephalopathy there are three predominant interventions: ©
©
1.Restricted protein intake: When thinking of protein ©
restriction, think of Kwashiorkor, dropsy, and starving ©
children. Why would one be tempted to prescribe such a©
slow and lingering death? ©
2.Lactulose: One of the side effects that is promoted as©
a benefit is its laxative action. But with three to six©
bowel movements per day, how can the small intestine©
extract the nutrient that a starving patient needs? ©
The fluid loss in the resulting diarrhea may help the©
ascites by removing fluid, but it also removes every ©
mineral, vitamin, fat, carbohydrate, and protein that©
is desperately needed. ©
©
And why is the laxative action wanted anyway? Ammonia©
is an alkaline. When the Lactulose is working, it is©
producing an acid condition, which is what is required©
to create the osmotic pressure to move the ammonia from©
the blood to the bowel. But the moment an alkaline©
molecule encounters an acid, it is neutralized. There©
is really no way for a bowel to force a reverse chemical©
reaction and split the resulting salt back into ammonia©
and acid.©
©
But for the Lactulose to work, it has to be retained©
long enough for bacterial action to break down the©
sugars to produce acid. But the laxative action©
washes it out. Shouldn’t indigestible fiber (psyllium©
husks) be used to slow down the flushing? ©
©
But there is an even worse problem. Recall that the©
small intestine needs to have an alkaline solution©
(pH of 8 to 9) in order to produce the osmotic pressure©
to move nutrients into the blood (pH of ~7.5). To do©
this, the liver produces bile, which empties into the©
intestine to neutralize the acid from the stomach©
(normally pH 1 to 3). But even a healthy liver cannot©
produce a day’s worth of bile each day. Instead, 95%©
of the bile acids are recycled from©
the lower small intestine to the liver via the portal©
vein in the healthy person.©
But not when there is persistent diarrhea. (While it©
is not part of the customary care for cirrhotic©
patients, shouldn’t bile salts be prescribed for the©
invalid?)©
©
©
lactic acidosis©
©
In 1976, Cohen and Woods developed a widely accepted ©
classification system that divides lactic acidosis©
into 2 categories: ©
©
Type A is lactic acidosis occurring in association©
with clinical evidence of poor tissue perfusion or©
oxygenation. ©
©
Type B is lactic acidosis occurring when clinical ©
evidence of poor tissue perfusion or oxygenation ©
is absent. Type B is divided into 3 subtypes. ©
©
Type B1 occurs in association with underlying diseases. ©
©
Type B2 is due to drugs and toxins. ©
©
Type B3 is due to inborn errors of metabolism.©
©
History: ©
©
The history is largely dependent on the etiology of lactic©
acidosis. A careful history may indicate the underlying©
pathology. The onset of acidosis may be rapid (ie, within©
minutes to a few hours) or progressive (ie, over a period ©
of several days). ©
©
hysical Findings: ©
©
The physical examination also varies according to the ©
underlying cause of lactic acidosis.©
Cardiovascular compromise is a frequent finding, ©
explaining many of the associated signs, which include©
cyanosis, cold extremities, tachycardia, hypotension, ©
signs of dehydration, hyperventilation or dyspnea, ©
lethargy, stupor or coma, vomiting, and/or abdominal pain.©
--------------------------------------------
Biotechnology
Using enzymes and bacteria to create or enhance biotechnological
and genetic experiments.
How DNA / RNA is sequenced
Special volcanic heat resistant bacteria that breaks
apart the structure PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction).
Electrophoresis, Nucelic acid Hybredization, DNA
cloning, South and North blot, RNAse Protection.
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----------------------------------------------
Is anyone studying why some people have a
natural immunity to AIDS?
Natural Immunity to AIDS:
Genetic clue found to HIV resistance
And what of genetics and AIDS resistance?
" This is a more definitive demonstration that you have a
better chance of warding off the AIDS virus if you have
more variety of genes," said Dr. Norman Letvin, a
Harvard Medical School professor who has been researching
the immune response.
THE WORLD'S FIRST DNA
PCR INVESTIGATION OF
BIOLOGICAL EVIDENCE
FROM AN ALIEN
ABDUCTION
ufology | PCR DNA sequencing of strange alian hair strand
By 1998, I began an investigation into the hair sample, when
biochemical colleagues agreed to undertake what was the world's
first PCR (polymerase Chain Reaction) DNA profiling of biological
material implicated in an alien abduction experience. The
analysis confirmed the hair came from someone who was
biologically close to normal human genetics, but of an
unusual racial type - a rare Chinese Mongoloid type -
one of the rarest human lineages known, that lies further
from the human mainstream than any other except for African
pygmies and aboriginals.
Perhaps even more controversial is that we have findings
suggestive of nuclear DNA indicating possible viral resistance.
The hair sample seems to show it contains 2 deleted genes for
CCR5 protein and no intact gene for normal undeleted CCR5 -
this CCR5 deletion factor has been implicated in aids resistance.
To keep a very complex story somewhat uncomplicated, what seems
to be suggested by the range of findings is possible evidence
for advanced DNA techniques and DNA anomalies & findings, for
which we are only now discovering or starting to make sense of
in mainstream biotechnology.
The nature of these genetic findings has lead to some interesting
possible connections with ancient cultures, myths and archaeological
finds such as the strange Taklamakan mummies in China (tall European
like peoples (Celtic?), some of whom had blonde hair) and the
stories of the female Basque God Mari and the Gaelic Irish tales
of the Tuatha da Danann.
The Tuatha tales describe powerful gods with orange or blonde
hair and other unusual attributes. While such cultural and mythic
connections are fascinating speculations, they provide for an
interesting perspective on the many stories of Nordic type
beings implicated in UFO abduction and contact cases.
String of errors
First published: Monday, January 7, 2008
The human genome -- the collection of genes strung along the long ribbon of DNA coiled inside each cell -- is turning out to be a lot more complicated than researchers first thought.
It's not a straightforward chain of 3 billion chemical units -- labeled A, C, G and T, the four letters of the genetic code -- that scientists unveiled at a triumphant White House ceremony April 14, 2003.
Instead, an individual's genome contains
hundreds of segments -- some tiny, some
as long as 5 million letters -- that
have been duplicated, reversed, deleted
or have switched locations.
Scientists say these abnormalities, which
differ from person to person, are part
of what makes an individual, well,
individual.
At least 10 percent of your DNA consists
of these variations, resulting in a state
of "bewildering complexity," said Evan
Eichler, a genome expert at the
University of Washington in Seattle.
"The human genome is a mess," David
Collier, a molecular geneticist in
London, wrote in the British Journal
of Psychiatry. "Not only is it full
of apparently redundant, highly
repetitive and unstable DNA sequences,
but also as much as 5-10 percent of
the genome is duplicated."
For example, in a healthy person's
DNA, a trio of letters may be
repeated, like a stutter
-- CAG-CAG-CAG-CAG -- up to 36
times without harm. But if CAG
is repeated 40 or more times,
as happens in some unfortunate
people, the extra copies greatly
increase the risk of Huntington's
disease, an incurable degeneration
of brain cells that leads a person
to lose control of his body
movements and mental facilities
over time.
. . . .
If scientists connect a specific
copy-number variation, or CNV, to
a disease, that eventually could
lead to a treatment or cure,
they say.
Information on the CNV Project:
Another interresting reality just
recently discovered is the case of
the slowest animal in the world!
The "Tuatara" Lizard on islands off
New Zealand. It may be slow moving
but it has a very contrary characteristic
in that it has been found to be the
fastest evolving creature on earth to
date.
Google Search for:
Tuatara lizard new zealand
Synthesis Laid-back lizard an evolutionary
sprinter - 24 Mar 2008
According to a paper in this month's Trends
in Genetics, the lizard-like reptile's
DNA ... in light of the fact that the
tuatara, endemic to New Zealand, ...
It lives to well over 100 years of age
and never hardly changed its anatomical
appearance ( the way it looks ) yet
the molecular changes are huge as seen
by recent DNA test results.
DNA and Protein evolution is still in
its infant stage as not much is known
about it in the scientific community!
Ants in the forrests of south America
and Africa have been known to do farming
in much the same way as we do, yet they
seem to be able to produce anti bacterial
secretions and pesticides from their
bodies thus being virtually immune to
mass destruction by other natural
preditors, fungus's and diseases!
Perhaps we can blend these two knowledge
bases together and come up with some
new tricks of our own so we don't sucome
to our recent past mistakes whereby we end
up with drug resistant infections like
c-difficile and more recently MRSA?
That may well have already happened!
What's next in HeaLTH?
New research will provide more effective
weapons against bacteria Categories:
The "resistance movement" founded by
bacteria to combat antibiotics may be
losing ground. By combining key
properties of two different types of
weapons used by the innate defense
systems of organisms, a team of
scientists at the Weizmann Institute
of Science has managed to design a
more powerful weapon, hoping that this
will provide a basis for novel and more
effective antibiotics.
=> Read more!
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Bill Chalker Ufology DNA PCR analysis
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